The Role of GIS in Disaster Response

GIS can be a very useful tool when it is used for disaster response, but one key factor is being prepared before the disaster occurs. Nobody can predict when or where a disaster might occur, or what type of event the disaster might be, but having up-to-date relevant data for your area of responsibility is a good start.
Another good idea is to work with your local disaster response teams and gather data on disaster scenarios. This might provide insight to familiarize you with possible events, so it won't be a new learning experience when the actual event occurs. That wouldn't be the ideal time to try and figure things out.
The actual role the GIS will play in a disaster response will be important to the team leadership, to aid them in their decision making. It can make a difference on how personnel or resources are deployed to combat the event, or to render aid to those who may need assistance.

The information provided can vary, but will generally include the following essential areas:

• Information on the local area, especially areas immediately impacted by the event. This may also include other areas that might be impacted as weather or other factors have an effect on the event.
• Key resources in the area, such as shelters, hospitals, emergency response teams, etc.
• Emergency routes and evacuation routes (as applicable).
• Environment and Wildlife that may be impacted by event.

There are certainly other items of importance that may vary depending on the type of event, so this list is far from all inclusive.

The important thing is preparation. There will be alot of people who want information and they will want it yesterday. There will be mass confusion and it will be a very stressful situation, so the more prepared you are, the more confident you will be, and therefore able to provide the information required.